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geo-ontology [2016/05/18 17:04]
gilberto
geo-ontology [2016/08/10 19:32] (current)
gilberto
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-===== Geospatial Ontology: ​ISAO 2016 =====+===== Geospatial Ontology: ​An Introduction ​=====
  
-This short course is part of the 2016 International School for Applied Ontology. 
  
 === Outline === === Outline ===
  
-Ontologies of the geographic world are important to allow the sharing of geographic ​data among different ​communities ​of usersA geo-ontology provides a description of geographical entities, which can be conceptualised in two different views of the world. The //field// view considers spatial ​data to be a set of continuous distributions. The //object// view conceives the world as occupied by discreteidentifiable entities. Objects and fields are not merely located in spacethey are tied intrinsically to space. However, to properly represent changes, it is also necessary to describe concepts that convey ​the dynamics of spatial phenomena. The notions of events ​and processes are useful to explicitly include ​the temporal dimensionThe lectures present ​general overview of the main trends in Geospatial Ontologydiscussing the concepts of //​objects//,​ //fields// and //events// for representation of geographical phenomenaThe course also highlights the specific area of land use and land cover ontologyan area of considerable importance for geospatial ontology research. +What we call "​geographical ​data" includes ​different ​kinds of dataWe observe ​the natural ​world when we get data about topographylandscapes, the oceans ​and the atmosphereSometimes we represent data from nature as continuous variationas when we build digital terrain modelsIn other situationswe give names to natural featuresas when we say "Mont Blanc".  ​We also create geographical realityas when we draw boundaries ​of countries ​and of land parcelsWe also measure facts of the social world, when we take a census ​and locate crimesWe also build continuous distributions out of social realitye.g., when we create maps of disease incidence in a countryWe also observe ​and detect change ​in the geographical worldas when we map new deforested areas
- +
- +
-=== 1. Describing socially-agreed entities: Geographical Objects === +
-Lecture: [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​cursos/​isao2016/​lecture-objects-isao2016.pptx|Geographical Objects]] +
- +
-[[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​cursos/​isao2016/​reading_objects.pdf|Further Reading and Questions:​]] +
-  * Barry Smith and David Mark[[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​SmithMark_SDH1998.pdf| Ontology and geographic kinds]]. Proceedings,​ International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Vancouver, Canada, 1998. +
-  * Barry Smith and David Mark[[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​smith_mark_geographical_categories.pdf| Geographical categories: an ontological investigation]]. International Journal ​of Geographical Information Science, 15(7)591-612,​ 2001. +
-  * Barry Smith and David Mark, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​smith_mark_mountains.pdf|"​Do mountains exist? Towards an ontology ​of landforms"​]]. Environment ​and Planning B: Planning and Design 30(3):​411–427,​ 2003. +
-  * Antony Galton, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​galton_boundaries.pdf|"​On the ontological status ​of geographical boundaries"​]]. In Matt DuckhamMichael FGoodchild and Michael FWorboys (eds.)Foundations ​of Geographic Information Science, Taylor and Francis, 2003, pages 151-171. +
-  * Edward Robinson, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​robinson_boundaries.pdf|"​Reexamining fiat, bona fide and force dynamic boundaries for geopolitical entities and their placement ​in DOLCE."​]]. Applied Ontology 7.1 (2012): 93-108. +
-  * Fred FonsecaMax Egenhofer, Peggy Agouris, Gilberto Camara, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​papers/​fonseca_tgis_2002.pdf|Ontologies for Integrated GIS]]. Transactions on GIS, 6(3):​231-257,​ 2002.+
  
  
 +Ontologies of the geographic world are important to allow the sharing of geographic data among different communities of users. A geo-ontology provides a description of geographical entities, which can be conceptualised in two different views of the world. The //field// view considers spatial data to be a set of continuous distributions. The //object// view conceives the world as occupied by discrete, identifiable entities. Objects and fields are not merely located in space, they are tied intrinsically to space. However, to properly represent changes, it is also necessary to describe concepts that convey the dynamics of spatial phenomena. The notions of events and processes are useful to explicitly include the temporal dimension. The lectures present a general overview of the main trends in Geospatial Ontology, discussing the concepts of //​objects//,​ //fields// and //events// for representation of geographical phenomena. The course also highlights the specific area of land use and land cover ontology, an area of considerable importance for geospatial ontology research.
  
-=== 2. Describing the natural world: Geographical fields === 
-Lecture: [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​cursos/​isao2016/​lecture-fields-isao2016.pptx|Fields]] 
  
-Suggested Reading: [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​cursos/​isao2016/​reading_fields.pdf| Remarks ​and Questions]] +The beauty ​and the challenge of Geoinformatics is that there are a relatively small set of data structures that are able to represent different types of geographical dataThis representational power has enabled software engineers to develop the technology of geographical information systemsThe challenge is to understand both the data structures ​and the semantics ​of the information they representThis course is then focused on discussing the semantics of geographical data, as well as the links between such semantics and the associated computer representationWhen they complete the coursewe expect that students should be able to understand the different types of geographical data and how they are represented ​in computers.
-  * Helen Couclelis, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​couclelis_1992_objects_fields.pdf|"​People manipulate objects (but cultivate fields): Beyond ​the raster-vector debate in GIS"​]]. In: Frank, A., Campari, I., Formentini, U. (eds.) Theories ​and Methods ​of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic SpaceLNCSvol. 639. Springer, 1992. +
-  * Gilberto Camara, Max Egenhofer, Karine Ferreira, Pedro Andrade, Gilberto Queiroz, Alber Sanchez, Jim Jones, Lubia Vinhas, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​papers/​camara_fields_giscience2014.pdf|"​Fields ​as a Generic Type for Big Spatial Data"​]]GIScience 2014 Conference. +
-  * Karen Kemp[[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​kemp_fields.pdf|"​Fields as a framework for integrating GIS and environmental process models"​]]. Transactions ​in GIS 1(3):​219–234,​ 1996.+
  
 +==== Motivation ====
  
 +The motivation for this course came from the need to establish a set of foundational concepts to the field of Geoinformatics. To do this, we will examine reference papers published in the literature that are relevant to Geoinformatics researchers and practicioners.
  
-=== 3. Describing changes in our world: Dynamic spatial ontologies ​=== +==== Outline ====
-Lecture: [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​cursos/​isao2016/​lecture-change-isao2016.pptx|Dynamic Spatial Ontologies]]+
  
-Further Reading and Questions to Ponder[[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​cursos/​isao2016/​reading_change.pdf|“Dynamic Spatial Ontology”]]+The course is organised on the following main topics:
  
-  ​* Andrew Frank, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​frank_spatio_temporal_ontology.pdf| "​Ontology ​for Spatio-temporal Databases"​]]. In Spatio-Temporal DatabasesThe Chorochronos Approach (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2520)edited by Manoulis Koubarakis ​and Timos Sellis, 9-78Berlin: Springer-Verlag,​ 2003+  ​- What is Geoinformatics?​ General definitionsLinking computer representations to geographical dataGeneral examples. 
-  ​* Mike Worboys, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​worboys_ijgis2003event.pdf|Event-oriented approaches to geographic phenomena]]International Journal ​of Geographical Information Science 19(1):1-28, 2005+  - Geometries ​for representing the social worldpointslines and polygonsTopological relations
-  ​* Antony Galton[[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​galton_fields_objects_space_time.pdf|"​Fields and Objects in Space, Time, and Space-time"​]]. Spatial Cognition and Computation,​ 4(1):39-68, 2004 +  ​- Representing the worldputting the Earth into a computerLocation as a key property of the world. 
-  * Antony Galton & Riichiro Mizoguchi,​[[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​galton_waterfall.pdf|"​The Water Falls but the Waterfall does not Fall: New perspectives on Objects, Processes and Events"]]. Applied Ontology, 4(2):​71—107,​ 2009+  ​Representing the social world: generation geographical reality with our laws and social arrangementsThe role of boundaries. Creating ​(fiatobjects. The need for maintaining identity of objects of the social world
-  ​* GrenonP. & Smith, B.,[[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​smith_snap_span.pdf|SNAP and SPAN: Towards dynamic spatial ontology]]. Spatial Cognition and Computation,​ 4(1), 69--104, 2004+  ​- Describing the natural worldpart Iassigning namesidentities ​and (bona fideboundaries to places and features of the world and to living beings. The inherent ambiguity of "​places".  
-  ​* Karine FerreiraGilberto CamaraMiguel Monteiro, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​papers/​stalgebra_tgis.pdf|"​An algebra for spatiotemporal data: from observations to events"]]. Transactions in GIS,​18(2):​253–269,​2014.+  ​- Describing the natural worldpart 2measuring properties of the world as continuous distributionsFields as a general data type for measuring the world
 +  ​- Describing change: the concepts of trajectoriesmoving objectsand events.
  
-Assignment 3: [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​cursos/​isao2016/​assignment_change.pdf|An essay on “Dynamic Spatial Ontology”]] (optional)+===== Course Offerings =====
  
-=== 4. Combining the natural and social perspectivesLand cover and land use ontologies === +This course has been offered at different venues:
-Lecture: [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​cursos/​isao2016/​lecture-ontology-lucc-isao2016.pptx|Land Use and Land Cover Ontology]] +
-    * Chazdon, R. L., Brancalion, P. H., et al., [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​Chadzon_ForestDefinitions_Ambio2016.pdf| ​ When is a forest a forest? Forest concepts and definitions in the era of forest and landscape restoration]]. Ambio, 1--13, 2016.  +
-    * Comber, A. J., Wadsworth, R., & Fisher, P., [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​Comber_ForestSemantics_JLUS2008.pdf| Using semantics to clarify the conceptual confusion between land cover and land use: the example of ‘forest’]]. Journal of Land Use Science, 3(2-3), 185--198, 2008. +
-    * Ahlqvist, O. [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​Ahlqvist_LCCS_EnvPlan2008.pdf|In search of classification that supports the dynamics of science: the FAO Land Cover Classification System and proposed modifications]]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 35(1), 169--186, 2008. +
-    * Martin Herold, Curtis E Woodcock, Antonio Di Gregorio, Philippe Mayaux, Alan S Belward, John Latham, Christiane C Schmullius, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​herold_lccs.pdf| A joint initiative for harmonization and validation of land cover datasets]]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44(7):​1719-1727,​ 2006. +
-    * Herold, M., Hubald, R., & Di Gregorio, A. [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​herold_translation_acs_corine_umd_igbp_to_lccs.pdf|Translating and evaluating land cover legends using the UN Land Cover Classification System (LCCS)]]. GOGC-GOLD Report, 43, 2008.  +
-    * Louisa Jansen, Geoff Groom and Giancarlo Carrai, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​jansen_land_cover_harmonisation.pdf| Land-cover harmonisation and semantic similarity: some methodological issues]]. Journal of Land Use Science, 3(2–3):​131–160,​ 2008.  +
-    * Fonseca, F., Câmara, G., & Miguel Monteiro, A.,​[[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​Fonseca_Camara_MeasuringInteroperability_SCC2003.pdf|A framework for measuring the interoperability of geo-ontologies]]. Spatial Cognition and Computation,​ 6(4), 309--331, 2006.+
  
-Assignment 4: [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​cursos/​isao2016/​assignment_lucc.pdf|An essay on Land Use and Land Cover Ontologies”]] (optional)+  * [[isao2016 ​| 2016 International School for Applied Ontology]]. 
 +  * [[geo-ontology-inpe2016 ​INPE Advanced Research Seminar, 2016]]
  
-=== 5. In Search of a General Theory for Geospatial Ontologies === 
-Lecture: [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​cursos/​isao2016/​lecture-axiomatic-theory-isao2016.pptx|Axiomatic Theory]] 
-  * Galton, A. (2015). [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​Galton_ProcessesEvents_COSIT2015.pdf|Outline of a Formal Theory of Processes and Events, and Why GIScience Needs One]]. In COSIT 2015 (pp. 3--22), 2015. 
-  * Mike Goodchild, May Yuan, & Tom Cova, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​goodchild_general_theory_ijgis_2007.pdf|"​Towards a general theory of geographic representation in GIS"​]]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 21(3), pp.239-260, 2007. 
-  * Werner Kuhn, [[http://​www.dpi.inpe.br/​gilberto/​references/​kuhn_ijgis_2012.pdf|"​Core concepts of spatial information for transdisciplinary research"​]]. International Journal of Geographic Information Science vol.26(12), 2012.  
geo-ontology.1463601871.txt.gz · Last modified: 2016/05/18 17:04 by gilberto