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===== Introduction to Geoinformatics: Classes 2015 =====

=== 1. Introduction ===
Lecture: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/lecture-introduction.ppt|What is Geoinformatics?]]    

=== 2. Vector Geometries and Qualitative Spatial Reasoning ====
Lecture: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/lecture-vector-geometries.ppt|Vector Geometries and Topologies]] 
  * Max Egenhofer and Robert Franzosa, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/egenhofer_point_set.pdf|"Point-Set Topological Spatial Relations"]], International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 5 (2): 161-174, 1991.
  * Eliseo Clementini, Paolino Di Felice, Peter van Oosterom, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/clementini_topological_relations.pdf|"A small set of formal topological relationships suitable for end-user interaction"]]. Advances in Spatial Databases, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 692:277-295, 1993. 
  * Anthony Cohn, Brandon Bennett, John Gooday, Nicholas Gotts,[[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/cohn_qualitative_1997.pdf|"Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning with the Region Connection Calculus"]]. GeoInformatica, 1(3):275-316, 1997.
  * Max Egenhofer, Jayant Sharma, David Mark, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/max_comparison_4_9_intersection.pdf|"A Critical Comparison of 4-intersection and 9-intersection models for spatial relations"]]. In Autocarto 11, 1993.
  * Eliseo Clementini, Paolino Di Felice, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/clementini_comparison.pdf"|A comparison of methods for representing topological relationships"]], Information Sciences, 3(3):149–178, 1995.

Assignment 1: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/assignment_1_2015.pdf|An essay on “Topological Operations on 2D Space for Geographical Applications”]] (firm deadline: 21 April 2015 - 10h00)


=== 3. The Human World: Geographical Objects ===
Lecture: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/lecture-objects.ppt|Geographical Objects]]
  * Barry Smith and David Mark, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/smith_mark_mountains.pdf|"Do mountains exist? Towards an ontology of landforms"]]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 30(3):411–427, 2003.
  * Barry Smith, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/smith_drawing.pdf|"On drawing lines on a map"]]. Spatial Information Theory A Theoretical Basis for GIS. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. 475-484.
  * Antony Galton, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/galton_boundaries.pdf|"On the ontological status of geographical boundaries"]]. In Matt Duckham, Michael F. Goodchild and Michael F. Worboys (eds.), Foundations of Geographic Information Science, Taylor and Francis, 2003, pages 151-171.
  * Edward Robinson, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/robinson_boundaries.pdf|"Reexamining fiat, bona fide and force dynamic boundaries for geopolitical entities and their placement in DOLCE."]]. Applied Ontology 7.1 (2012): 93-108.

Assignment 2: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/assignment_2_2015.pdf|An essay on “Ontology of Geographical Objects”]] (firm deadline: 04 May 2015 - 10h00)

=== 4. The Natural World: Fields ===
Lecture: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/lecture-fields.ppt|Fields]]
  * Helen Couclelis, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/couclelis_1992_objects_fields.pdf|"People manipulate objects (but cultivate fields): Beyond the raster-vector debate in GIS"]]. In: Frank, A., Campari, I., Formentini, U. (eds.) Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space. LNCS, vol. 639. Springer, 1992.
  * C Dana Tomlin, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/tomlin_map_algebra.pdf| "Map algebra: one perspective"]]. Landscape and Urban Planning 30(1):3-12, 1994.
  * Karen Kemp, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/kemp_fields.pdf|"Fields as a framework for integrating GIS and environmental process models"]]. Transactions in GIS 1(3):219–234, 1996.
  * Gilberto Câmara, Ubirajara Freitas, Joao Cordeiro, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/papers/sib94.pdf|Towards an Algebra for Geographical Fields]]. VII Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Curitiba 1994. 

Assignment 3: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/assignment_3_2015.pdf|An essay on “Geographical Fields”]] (firm deadline: 13 May 2015 - 10h00)

=== 5. Combining the Natural and Human Perspectives ===
Lecture: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/lecture-combining.ppt|Combining Human and Natural Worlds]]
    * Barry Smith and David Mark, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/smith_mark_geographical_categories.pdf| Geographical categories: an ontological investigation]]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 15(7)591-612, 2001.
    * Andrew Frank, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/frank_spatio_temporal_ontology.pdf| "Ontology for Spatio-temporal Databases"]]. In Spatio-Temporal Databases: The Chorochronos Approach (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2520), edited by Manoulis Koubarakis and Timos Sellis, 9-78. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003.
    * Martin Herold, Curtis E Woodcock, Antonio Di Gregorio, Philippe Mayaux, Alan S Belward, John Latham, Christiane C Schmullius, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/herold_lccs.pdf| A joint initiative for harmonization and validation of land cover datasets]]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44(7):1719-1727, 2006.
    * Louisa Jansen, Geoff Groom and Giancarlo Carrai, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/jansen_land_cover_harmonisation.pdf| Land-cover harmonisation and semantic similarity: some methodological issues]]. Journal of Land Use Science, 3(2–3):131–160, 2008. 

Assignment 4: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/assignment_4_2015.pdf|An essay on “Geographical Ontologies”]] (firm deadline: 20 May 2015 - 10h00)

=== 6. Space and Time: Events and Processes ===

  * Hornsby, Kathleen, and Max J. Egenhofer, [[http://www.spatial.maine.edu/~max/aggregateChange.pdf|"Identity-based change: a foundation for spatio-temporal knowledge representation"]]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 14.3 (2000): 207-224.
  * Mike Worboys, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/worboys_ijgis2003event.pdf|Event-oriented approaches to geographic phenomena]]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 19(1):1-28, 2005.
  * Antony Galton, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/galton_fields_objects_space_time.pdf|"Fields and Objects in Space, Time, and Space-time"]]. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 4(1):39-68, 2004. 
  * Karine Ferreira, Gilberto Camara, Miguel Monteiro, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/papers/stalgebra_tgis.pdf|"An algebra for spatiotemporal data: from observations to events"]]. Transactions in GIS,18(2):253–269,2014.
Additional reading:

  * Antony Galton & Riichiro Mizoguchi,[[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/galton_waterfall.pdf|"The Water Falls but the Waterfall does not Fall: New perspectives on Objects, Processes and Events"]]. Applied Ontology, 4(2):71—107, 2009.
  *  Gilberto Camara, Max Egenhofer, Karine Ferreira, Pedro Andrade, Gilberto Queiroz, Alber Sanchez, Jim Jones, Lubia Vinhas, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/papers/camara_fields_giscience2014.pdf|"Fields as a Generic Type for Big Spatial Data"]]. GIScience 2014 Conference.

Assignment 5: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/assignment_5_2015.pdf|An essay on “Geographical Ontologies”]] (firm deadline: 1 July 2015 - 10h00)

=== 7. In Search of a General Theory for Geoinformatics ===
Lecture: [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/cursos/intro-geoinfo-2015/lecture-axiomatic-theory-geoinformatics.ppt|Axiomatic Theory]]
  * Mike Goodchild, May Yuan, & Tom Cova, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/goodchild_general_theory_ijgis_2007.pdf|"Towards a general theory of geographic representation in GIS"]]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 21(3), pp.239-260, 2007.
  * Werner Kuhn, [[http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/references/kuhn_ijgis_2012.pdf|"Core concepts of spatial information for transdisciplinary research"]]. International Journal of Geographic Information Science vol.26(12), 2012.